Linux内核学习资料

Posted 2022-07-02 14:39 +0800 by ZhangJie ‐ 13 min read

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现在学习Linux操作系统的人越来越多了,进一步学习Kernel的人也越来越多了,经常有人问起有没有质量好的、获得大家认可的学习资料论坛,尤其是对于学习内核的新手而言,能否获得这些好的学习资料还是很重要的。因为经常有人问起这个问题,所以在Linux源码随附的文档中,有专门一篇文档kernel-docs.rst专门整理罗列了适合大家学习Linux内核的文档、在线资源、出版书籍等,并逐一做了简要的描述。注意到其中有些资料是和具体内核模块相关的,如网络协议栈、中断子系统等,也适合有针对性地、深入地去学习。

本文剩余内容来自Linux内核文档 kernel-docs.rst,整理在此方便查阅参考。

Docs at the Linux Kernel tree

The Sphinx books should be built with make {htmldocs | pdfdocs | epubdocs}.

* Name: **linux/Documentation**

  :Author: Many.
  :Location: Documentation/
  :Keywords: text files, Sphinx.
  :Description: Documentation that comes with the kernel sources,
    inside the Documentation directory. Some pages from this document
    (including this document itself) have been moved there, and might
    be more up to date than the web version.

On-line docs

* Title: **Linux Kernel Mailing List Glossary**

  :Author: various
  :URL: https://kernelnewbies.org/KernelGlossary
  :Date: rolling version
  :Keywords: glossary, terms, linux-kernel.
  :Description: From the introduction: "This glossary is intended as
    a brief description of some of the acronyms and terms you may hear
    during discussion of the Linux kernel".

* Title: **Tracing the Way of Data in a TCP Connection through the Linux Kernel**

  :Author: Richard Sailer
  :URL: https://archive.org/details/linux_kernel_data_flow_short_paper
  :Date: 2016
  :Keywords: Linux Kernel Networking, TCP, tracing, ftrace
  :Description: A seminar paper explaining ftrace and how to use it for
    understanding linux kernel internals,
    illustrated at tracing the way of a TCP packet through the kernel.
  :Abstract: *This short paper outlines the usage of ftrace a tracing framework
    as a tool to understand a running Linux system.
    Having obtained a trace-log a kernel hacker can read and understand
    source code more determined and with context.
    In a detailed example this approach is demonstrated in tracing
    and the way of data in a TCP Connection through the kernel.
    Finally this trace-log is used as base for more a exact conceptual
    exploration and description of the Linux TCP/IP implementation.*

* Title: **On submitting kernel Patches**

  :Author: Andi Kleen
  :URL: http://halobates.de/on-submitting-kernel-patches.pdf
  :Date: 2008
  :Keywords: patches, review process, types of submissions, basic rules, case studies
  :Description: This paper gives several experience values on what types of patches
    there are and how likely they get merged.
  :Abstract:
    [...]. This paper examines some common problems for
    submitting larger changes and some strategies to avoid problems.

* Title: **Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition**

  :Author: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman
  :URL: https://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
  :Date: 2005
  :Description: A 600-page book covering the (2.6.10) driver
    programming API and kernel hacking in general.  Available under the
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license.
  :note: You can also :ref:`purchase a copy from O'Reilly or elsewhere  <ldd3_published>`.

* Title: **Writing an ALSA Driver**

  :Author: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
  :URL: http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/index.html
  :Date: 2005
  :Keywords: ALSA, sound, soundcard, driver, lowlevel, hardware.
  :Description: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture for developers,
    both at kernel and user-level sides. ALSA is the Linux kernel
    sound architecture in the 2.6 kernel version.

* Title: **Linux PCMCIA Programmer's Guide**

  :Author: David Hinds.
  :URL: http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/ftp/doc/PCMCIA-PROG.html
  :Date: 2003
  :Keywords: PCMCIA.
  :Description: "This document describes how to write kernel device
    drivers for the Linux PCMCIA Card Services interface. It also
    describes how to write user-mode utilities for communicating with
    Card Services.

* Title: **The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide**

  :Author: Peter Jay Salzman, Michael Burian, Ori Pomerantz, Bob Mottram,
    Jim Huang.
  :URL: https://sysprog21.github.io/lkmpg/
  :Date: 2021
  :Keywords: modules, GPL book, /proc, ioctls, system calls,
    interrupt handlers .
  :Description: A very nice GPL book on the topic of modules
    programming. Lots of examples. Currently the new version is being
    actively maintained at https://github.com/sysprog21/lkmpg.

* Title: **Global spinlock list and usage**

  :Author: Rick Lindsley.
  :URL: http://lse.sourceforge.net/lockhier/global-spin-lock
  :Date: 2001
  :Keywords: spinlock.
  :Description: This is an attempt to document both the existence and
    usage of the spinlocks in the Linux 2.4.5 kernel. Comprehensive
    list of spinlocks showing when they are used, which functions
    access them, how each lock is acquired, under what conditions it
    is held, whether interrupts can occur or not while it is held...

* Title: **A Linux vm README**

  :Author: Kanoj Sarcar.
  :URL: http://kos.enix.org/pub/linux-vmm.html
  :Date: 2001
  :Keywords: virtual memory, mm, pgd, vma, page, page flags, page
    cache, swap cache, kswapd.
  :Description: Telegraphic, short descriptions and definitions
    relating the Linux virtual memory implementation.

* Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 1: Video-Capture Device**

  :Author: Alan Cox.
  :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/406
  :Date: 2000
  :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
    camera driver.
  :Description: The title says it all.

* Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 2: Video-capture Devices**

  :Author: Alan Cox.
  :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/429
  :Date: 2000
  :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,
    camera driver, control, query capabilities, capability, facility.
  :Description: The title says it all.

* Title: **Linux IP Networking. A Guide to the Implementation and Modification of the Linux Protocol Stack.**

  :Author: Glenn Herrin.
  :URL: http://www.cs.unh.edu/cnrg/gherrin
  :Date: 2000
  :Keywords: network, networking, protocol, IP, UDP, TCP, connection,
    socket, receiving, transmitting, forwarding, routing, packets,
    modules, /proc, sk_buff, FIB, tags.
  :Description: Excellent paper devoted to the Linux IP Networking,
    explaining anything from the kernel's to the user space
    configuration tools' code. Very good to get a general overview of
    the kernel networking implementation and understand all steps
    packets follow from the time they are received at the network
    device till they are delivered to applications. The studied kernel
    code is from 2.2.14 version. Provides code for a working packet
    dropper example.

* Title: **How To Make Sure Your Driver Will Work On The Power Macintosh**

  :Author: Paul Mackerras.
  :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/261
  :Date: 1999
  :Keywords: Mac, Power Macintosh, porting, drivers, compatibility.
  :Description: The title says it all.

* Title: **An Introduction to SCSI Drivers**

  :Author: Alan Cox.
  :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/284
  :Date: 1999
  :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver.
  :Description: The title says it all.

* Title: **Advanced SCSI Drivers And Other Tales**

  :Author: Alan Cox.
  :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/307
  :Date: 1999
  :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver, advanced.
  :Description: The title says it all.

* Title: **Writing Linux Mouse Drivers**

  :Author: Alan Cox.
  :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/330
  :Date: 1999
  :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm.
  :Description: The title says it all.

* Title: **More on Mouse Drivers**

  :Author: Alan Cox.
  :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/356
  :Date: 1999
  :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm, races, asynchronous I/O.
  :Description: The title still says it all.

* Title: **Writing Video4linux Radio Driver**

  :Author: Alan Cox.
  :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/381
  :Date: 1999
  :Keywords: video4linux, driver, radio, radio devices.
  :Description: The title says it all.

* Title: **I/O Event Handling Under Linux**

  :Author: Richard Gooch.
  :URL: https://web.mit.edu/~yandros/doc/io-events.html
  :Date: 1999
  :Keywords: IO, I/O, select(2), poll(2), FDs, aio_read(2), readiness
    event queues.
  :Description: From the Introduction: "I/O Event handling is about
    how your Operating System allows you to manage a large number of
    open files (file descriptors in UNIX/POSIX, or FDs) in your
    application. You want the OS to notify you when FDs become active
    (have data ready to be read or are ready for writing). Ideally you
    want a mechanism that is scalable. This means a large number of
    inactive FDs cost very little in memory and CPU time to manage".

* Title: **(nearly) Complete Linux Loadable Kernel Modules. The definitive guide for hackers, virus coders and system administrators.**

  :Author: pragmatic/THC.
  :URL: http://packetstormsecurity.org/docs/hack/LKM_HACKING.html
  :Date: 1999
  :Keywords: syscalls, intercept, hide, abuse, symbol table.
  :Description: Interesting paper on how to abuse the Linux kernel in
    order to intercept and modify syscalls, make
    files/directories/processes invisible, become root, hijack ttys,
    write kernel modules based virus... and solutions for admins to
    avoid all those abuses.
  :Notes: For 2.0.x kernels. Gives guidances to port it to 2.2.x
    kernels.

* Name: **Linux Virtual File System**

  :Author: Peter J. Braam.
  :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/talks/linuxvfs/
  :Date: 1998
  :Keywords: slides, VFS, inode, superblock, dentry, dcache.
  :Description: Set of slides, presumably from a presentation on the
    Linux VFS layer. Covers version 2.1.x, with dentries and the
    dcache.

* Title: **The Venus kernel interface**

  :Author: Peter J. Braam.
  :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/html/kernel-venus-protocol.html
  :Date: 1998
  :Keywords: coda, filesystem, venus, cache manager.
  :Description: "This document describes the communication between
    Venus and kernel level file system code needed for the operation
    of the Coda filesystem. This version document is meant to describe
    the current interface (version 1.0) as well as improvements we
    envisage".

* Title: **Design and Implementation of the Second Extended Filesystem**

  :Author: Rémy Card, Theodore Ts'o, Stephen Tweedie.
  :URL: https://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/ext2intro.html
  :Date: 1998
  :Keywords: ext2, linux fs history, inode, directory, link, devices,
    VFS, physical structure, performance, benchmarks, ext2fs library,
    ext2fs tools, e2fsck.
  :Description: Paper written by three of the top ext2 hackers.
    Covers Linux filesystems history, ext2 motivation, ext2 features,
    design, physical structure on disk, performance, benchmarks,
    e2fsck's passes description... A must read!
  :Notes: This paper was first published in the Proceedings of the
    First Dutch International Symposium on Linux, ISBN 90-367-0385-9.

* Title: **The Linux RAID-1, 4, 5 Code**

  :Author: Ingo Molnar, Gadi Oxman and Miguel de Icaza.
  :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2391
  :Date: 1997
  :Keywords: RAID, MD driver.
  :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article.
  :Abstract: *A description of the implementation of the RAID-1,
    RAID-4 and RAID-5 personalities of the MD device driver in the
    Linux kernel, providing users with high performance and reliable,
    secondary-storage capability using software*.

* Title: **Linux Kernel Hackers' Guide**

  :Author: Michael K. Johnson.
  :URL: https://www.tldp.org/LDP/khg/HyperNews/get/khg.html
  :Date: 1997
  :Keywords: device drivers, files, VFS, kernel interface, character vs
    block devices, hardware interrupts, scsi, DMA, access to user memory,
    memory allocation, timers.
  :Description: A guide designed to help you get up to speed on the
    concepts that are not intuitively obvious, and to document the internal
    structures of Linux.

* Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Modularized Device Drivers**

  :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
  :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1219
  :Date: 1996
  :Keywords: device driver, module, loading/unloading modules,
    allocating resources.
  :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article.
  :Abstract: *This is the first of a series of four articles
    co-authored by Alessandro Rubini and Georg Zezchwitz which present
    a practical approach to writing Linux device drivers as kernel
    loadable modules. This installment presents an introduction to the
    topic, preparing the reader to understand next month's
    installment*.

* Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Discovery**

  :Author: Alessandro Rubini.
  :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1220
  :Date: 1996
  :Keywords: character driver, init_module, clean_up module,
    autodetection, mayor number, minor number, file operations,
    open(), close().
  :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article.
  :Abstract: *This article, the second of four, introduces part of
    the actual code to create custom module implementing a character
    device driver. It describes the code for module initialization and
    cleanup, as well as the open() and close() system calls*.

* Title: **The Devil's in the Details**

  :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz and Alessandro Rubini.
  :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1221
  :Date: 1996
  :Keywords: read(), write(), select(), ioctl(), blocking/non
    blocking mode, interrupt handler.
  :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article.
  :Abstract: *This article, the third of four on writing character
    device drivers, introduces concepts of reading, writing, and using
    ioctl-calls*.

* Title: **Dissecting Interrupts and Browsing DMA**

  :Author: Alessandro Rubini and Georg v. Zezschwitz.
  :URL: https://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1222
  :Date: 1996
  :Keywords: interrupts, irqs, DMA, bottom halves, task queues.
  :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article.
  :Abstract: *This is the fourth in a series of articles about
    writing character device drivers as loadable kernel modules. This
    month, we further investigate the field of interrupt handling.
    Though it is conceptually simple, practical limitations and
    constraints make this an ''interesting'' part of device driver
    writing, and several different facilities have been provided for
    different situations. We also investigate the complex topic of
    DMA*.

* Title: **Device Drivers Concluded**

  :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz.
  :URL: https://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1287
  :Date: 1996
  :Keywords: address spaces, pages, pagination, page management,
    demand loading, swapping, memory protection, memory mapping, mmap,
    virtual memory areas (VMAs), vremap, PCI.
  :Description: Finally, the above turned out into a five articles
    series. This latest one's introduction reads: "This is the last of
    five articles about character device drivers. In this final
    section, Georg deals with memory mapping devices, beginning with
    an overall description of the Linux memory management concepts".

* Title: **Network Buffers And Memory Management**

  :Author: Alan Cox.
  :URL: https://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1312
  :Date: 1996
  :Keywords: sk_buffs, network devices, protocol/link layer
    variables, network devices flags, transmit, receive,
    configuration, multicast.
  :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner.
  :Abstract: *Writing a network device driver for Linux is fundamentally
    simple---most of the complexity (other than talking to the
    hardware) involves managing network packets in memory*.

* Title: **Analysis of the Ext2fs structure**

  :Author: Louis-Dominique Dubeau.
  :URL: https://teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/CITS2002/fs-ext2/
  :Date: 1994
  :Keywords: ext2, filesystem, ext2fs.
  :Description: Description of ext2's blocks, directories, inodes,
    bitmaps, invariants...

Published books

* Title: **Linux Treiber entwickeln**

  :Author: Jürgen Quade, Eva-Katharina Kunst
  :Publisher: dpunkt.verlag
  :Date: Oct 2015 (4th edition)
  :Pages: 688
  :ISBN: 978-3-86490-288-8
  :Note: German. The third edition from 2011 is
     much cheaper and still quite up-to-date.

* Title: **Linux Kernel Networking: Implementation and Theory**

  :Author: Rami Rosen
  :Publisher: Apress
  :Date: December 22, 2013
  :Pages: 648
  :ISBN: 978-1430261964

* Title: **Embedded Linux Primer: A practical Real-World Approach, 2nd Edition**

  :Author: Christopher Hallinan
  :Publisher: Pearson
  :Date: November, 2010
  :Pages: 656
  :ISBN: 978-0137017836

* Title: **Linux Kernel Development, 3rd Edition**

  :Author: Robert Love
  :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
  :Date: July, 2010
  :Pages: 440
  :ISBN: 978-0672329463

* Title: **Essential Linux Device Drivers**

  :Author: Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran
  :Published: Prentice Hall
  :Date: April, 2008
  :Pages: 744
  :ISBN: 978-0132396554

* Title: **Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition**

  :Authors: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman
  :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates
  :Date: 2005
  :Pages: 636
  :ISBN: 0-596-00590-3
  :Notes: Further information in
    http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive3/
    PDF format, URL: https://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/

* Title: **Linux Kernel Internals**

  :Author: Michael Beck
  :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
  :Date: 1997
  :ISBN: 0-201-33143-8 (second edition)

* Title: **Programmation Linux 2.0 API systeme et fonctionnement du noyau**

  :Author: Remy Card, Eric Dumas, Franck Mevel
  :Publisher: Eyrolles
  :Date: 1997
  :Pages: 520
  :ISBN: 2-212-08932-5
  :Notes: French

* Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD UNIX Operating System**

  :Author: Marshall Kirk McKusick, Keith Bostic, Michael J. Karels,
    John S. Quarterman
  :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
  :Date: 1996
  :ISBN: 0-201-54979-4

* Title: **Unix internals -- the new frontiers**

  :Author: Uresh Vahalia
  :Publisher: Prentice Hall
  :Date: 1996
  :Pages: 600
  :ISBN: 0-13-101908-2

* Title: **Programming for the real world - POSIX.4**

  :Author: Bill O. Gallmeister
  :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc
  :Date: 1995
  :Pages: 552
  :ISBN: I-56592-074-0
  :Notes: Though not being directly about Linux, Linux aims to be
    POSIX. Good reference.

* Title:  **UNIX  Systems  for  Modern Architectures: Symmetric Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers**

  :Author: Curt Schimmel
  :Publisher: Addison Wesley
  :Date: June, 1994
  :Pages: 432
  :ISBN: 0-201-63338-8

* Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.3 BSD UNIX Operating System**

  :Author: Samuel J. Leffler, Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J
    Karels, John S. Quarterman
  :Publisher: Addison-Wesley
  :Date: 1989 (reprinted with corrections on October, 1990)
  :ISBN: 0-201-06196-1

* Title: **The Design of the UNIX Operating System**

  :Author: Maurice J. Bach
  :Publisher: Prentice Hall
  :Date: 1986
  :Pages: 471
  :ISBN: 0-13-201757-1

Miscellaneous

* Name: **Cross-Referencing Linux**

  :URL: https://elixir.bootlin.com/
  :Keywords: Browsing source code.
  :Description: Another web-based Linux kernel source code browser.
    Lots of cross references to variables and functions. You can see
    where they are defined and where they are used.

* Name: **Linux Weekly News**

  :URL: https://lwn.net
  :Keywords: latest kernel news.
  :Description: The title says it all. There's a fixed kernel section
    summarizing developers' work, bug fixes, new features and versions
    produced during the week. Published every Thursday.

* Name: **The home page of Linux-MM**

  :Author: The Linux-MM team.
  :URL: https://linux-mm.org/
  :Keywords: memory management, Linux-MM, mm patches, TODO, docs,
    mailing list.
  :Description: Site devoted to Linux Memory Management development.
    Memory related patches, HOWTOs, links, mm developers... Don't miss
    it if you are interested in memory management development!

* Name: **Kernel Newbies IRC Channel and Website**

  :URL: https://www.kernelnewbies.org
  :Keywords: IRC, newbies, channel, asking doubts.
  :Description: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net.
    #kernelnewbies is an IRC network dedicated to the 'newbie'
    kernel hacker. The audience mostly consists of people who are
    learning about the kernel, working on kernel projects or
    professional kernel hackers that want to help less seasoned kernel
    people.
    #kernelnewbies is on the OFTC IRC Network.
    Try irc.oftc.net as your server and then /join #kernelnewbies.
    The kernelnewbies website also hosts articles, documents, FAQs...

* Name: **linux-kernel mailing list archives and search engines**

  :URL: http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html
  :URL: http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/index.html
  :URL: http://groups.google.com/group/mlist.linux.kernel
  :Keywords: linux-kernel, archives, search.
  :Description: Some of the linux-kernel mailing list archivers. If
    you have a better/another one, please let me know.